A total of 40 patients with tetraplegia participated. Measurement properties of the spinal cord injuryfunctional. Patients, clinicians, researchers and policy makers value documentation of physical function to evaluate treatment efficacy, appraise the costeffectiveness of rehabilitation services, describe the consequences of health policy, improve the quality of rehabilitation care, and inform patients, families. Because the spinal cord nerves control the function of the bladder and bowels, people with quadriplegia have various degrees of loss of control in this area. Developed to provide a sensitive global functional scale for measuring gains in individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the quadriplegia index of function qif to the functional independence measure fim in assessing the daily performance of selfcare activities by.
Satisfaction with life scale swls, deiner scale 44. This is achieved by improving patients ability to participate in activities of daily life. Quadriplegia index of functionshort form qifsf spinal. Reliability and validity of the medical research council mrc scale and a modified scale for testing muscle strength in patients with radial palsy. Quadriplegia causes pdf the primary cause of quadriplegia is a spinal cord injury, but other conditions such as cerebral palsy and strokes can cause a similar appearing paralysis. Functional electrically stimulated fesarm ergometry has been shown to increase peak power output and aerobic capacity in individuals with cervical sci. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the spinal cord injury functional index scifi short forms basic mobility, selfcare, fine motor, ambulation, manual wheelchair, and power wheelchair based on internal consistency, correlations between short and full item bank forms, and a 10item compute adaptive test version, magnitude of ceiling and floor effects, and test.
Development of a functional assessment measure for manual. American spinal cord injury association asia impairment scale. Quadriplegia index of function qif spinal cord injury research. Full text html full text pdf 284 kb full text pdf with links 367. Besides the wcpfp and the wst, other tools have been developed to assess those individuals having spinal cord injury sci. Quadriplegia index of function short form qifsf 40. The clinician observes and evaluates the patient on each item. Urine ph patients without rta and normal renal function, the urine ph should be below 5. The index ranks adequacy of performance in the six functions of bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding. A comparison of two functional tests in quadriplegia. Oct 22, 20 the quadriplegia index of function form and scale is discussed, as well as quadriplegia rehabilitation by attorney robert jarchi, a lawyer who is proud to represent spinal cord injury victims. Quadriplegia index of function qif spinal cord injury.
Quadriplegia index of function scale qif for evaluation of impairment in patients with quadriplegia. These instruments include the quadriplegia index of function qif, the shortform qif, the capabilities of upper extremity cue, and the. Walking index for spinal cord injury wisci9 focuses only on ambulation and the quadriplegia index of function qif on physical functioning among individuals with tetraplegia. When the injury is at the c1c3 level, the person will usually need to be on a ventilator for the longterm. Patients upper extremities were assessed on the level of body function and structure the american spinal cord injury association asia impairment scale ais 2000 revised criteria, upper extremity motor score uems, neurologic level of injury and visual analogue scale of hand function vashf, activity dhi and. Pdf individuals with spinal cord injury are evaluated according to a set of guidelines based on motor.
The development, assessment of armhand functionrelated activities in tetraplegic patients with a spinal cord injury. To determine the effects of fesarm ergometry on exercise performance, upper limb function and resting cardiovascular function in individuals with tetraplegia. The quadriplegia index of function qif was developed because the barthel index was found to be insensitive to small functional gains made by tetraplegics during rehabilitation. The international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury isncsci or more commonly referred to as the asia impairment scale ais, was developed by the american spinal injury association asia as a universal classification tool for spinal cord injury based on a standardized sensory and motor assessment, with the most recent revised edition published in 2011. He or she generally can move the neck and possibly shrug the shoulders. Jan 17, 20 the quadriplegia index of function qif was developed because the barthel index was found to be insensitive to small functional gains made by tetraplegics during rehabilitation.
International standards for neurological classification of. A framework for physiotherapy management 2 the overall purpose of physiotherapy for patients with spinal cord injury is to improve healthrelated quality of life. Quadriplegia types of paralysis brain and spinal cord. The functional performance categories are scored on a 5 point scale from 0 dependent to 4 independent.
Excellent correlation between responsiveness of the fim and sfqif spearmans r 0. Development of a shortform quadriplegia index of function scale. The katz adl index katz, 1963 was first developed in an effort to find a way to assess function and how it changed over time in the elderly. The functional independence measures fim reliability.
The quadriplegia index of function and the functional independence measure january 1999 spinal cord 3612. Clinical policy selective dorsal rhizotomy in cp page 2 of 6 spastic cp is characterized by muscle hypertonicity and impairment in motor skills. The medical management of tetraplegia could be the treatment of the cause, an invasive technique might be used to release pressure or attempts can be made to repair damage. Paternostrosluga t, grimstieger m, posch m, schuhfried o, vacariu g, mittermaier c, bittner c, fialkamoser v. Fentanyl drip 50 mcgh iv continuous titrate to keep sas 34 lorazepam 12 mg iv q1h prn agitationanxiety sas 4 circulation goal map 70 mmhg. To develop a shortform version of the quadriplegia index of function qif that would be more practical to use than the original version. The current measures of physical functioning vary in terms of both their range and the breadth of physical functioning items covered. Wilcoxon signedrank tests showed significant positive intervention effects on kmbi, maximal hip flexion and extension, maximal knee flexion, active torque in the knee joint, resistive torque, and stiffness in the hip joint p mar 16, 2017 download clinical summary pdf. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has. The quadriplegia index of function and the functional independence measure n yavuz1, m tezyu. Maximizing physical function after spinal cord injury sci is a primary rehabilitation goal. The mbi and the qif were found to have minimal evidence for validity, whereas the fim and the scim were. Index for spinal cord injury wisci, quadriplegia index of function qif, modified barthel. Spinal cord injury edge task force outcome measures.
The 4 measures that fit the prespecified inclusion criteria were the modified barthel index mbi, the functional independence measure fim, the quadriplegia index of function qif, and the spinal cord independence measure scim. This oftoverlooked secondary diagnosis may have significant impact on the final msdrg, relative weight, length of. This is intended to serve as a brief disability measure that can be easily used in clinical settings. Quadriplegia index of function rehabmeasures database.
Assessment measures national multiple sclerosis society. The loss is usually sensory and motor, which means that both sensation and control are lost. The quadriplegia index of function qif was originally developed by the authors in 1980 because the popular barthel index was deemed too insensitive to document the small but significant functional gains made by quadriplegics tetraplegics during medical rehabilitation. An ordinal scale of balance that is sensitive to change berg et al. Quadriplegia index of function scale pdf jizucejig. Developed in 1980 to provide a functional assessment that would be useful in documenting the small but clinically significant gains made by quadriplegics throughout inpatient rehabilitation. A reliable and reproducible method of measuring spasticity. Quadriplegia index of function short form rehabmeasures. Report of the national institute on disability and. The barriers to participation which are amenable to physio.
Functional quadriplegia, on the other hand, is a bona fide clinical condition comparable to physical quadriplegia in its consequences, yet rarely diagnosed. Mar 16, 2017 the quadriplegia index of function short form consists of 6 items, all scored on a scale of 04. The quadriplegia index of function form and scale is discussed, as well as quadriplegia rehabilitation by attorney robert jarchi, a lawyer who is. The impact of functional quadriplegia on intensity and complexity of care, severity of illness, and cost of care is equivalent in every respect to physical quadriplegia. Functional outcomes following spinal cord injuryvfinal. Walking index for spinal cord injury wisci, quadriplegia index of to surgical programmes for enhancing upper limb function. Spastic diplegia is one of the most frequently occurring forms of cp, with spasticity confined to the. Scored on a 5 point scale from 0 dependent to 4 independent. Quadriplegia index of functionshort form qifsf spinal cord. The authors are from thomas jefferson university and data medix corporation.
Quadriplegia index of function qif on physical functioning among individuals with. The quadriplegia index of functionshort form consists of 6 items, all scored on a scale of 04. Walking index for spinal cord injury wisci, quadriplegia index of function. The functional expectations following an incomplete sci are highly dependent upon the degree of preserved function and a multitude of individualised factors. The quadriplegia index of function qif was developed because the. Generally both the sensory and motor nerves are affected, which means that one loses both sensation as well as control of that body part. Fim, the quadriplegia index of function qif, and the spinal cord independence. Quadriplegia causes many complications which will need careful management. The wisci ii scale is an impairmentrelated capacity scale and the lems explains most of the variance r2. Katz index of independence in activities of daily living adl. Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso. Jul 28, 2019 paralysis from the neck down paralysis of all four limbsquadriplegia synonym. Complete c1c4 tetraplegia means that the person has no motor function of the arms or legs. Videos home outcome measures quadriplegia index of function qif.
Marino and goin developed a shortened version of the quadriplegia index of function qif. Development of a shortform quadriplegia index of function. By systematically examining the dermatomes and myotomes, one can determine the cord segments affected by the. Conduction of sensory and motor signals and the autonomic nervous system is affected by spinal cord injury. The american spinal injury association first published a standard system for neurological assessment and classification of sci in 1982 22. Basic facts spinal cord injury occurs when there is any damage to the spinal cord that blocks communication between the brain and the body. Validation of duruoz hand index in patients with tetraplegia. The spinal cord independence measure scimiii14 and functional independence measure fim4 focus on a greater breadth of physical functioning, but this. The asia scale grades patients based on their functional impairment as a result of the injury, grading a patient from a to d. After a spinal cord injury, a persons sensory, motor and reflex messages are affected and may not be able to get past the damage in the spinal cord. The qif can be administered by interview or observation. The effects of functional electrically stimulated fes.
Following a decade of use, major revisions to the system were published 23 and adopted by the international medical society of paraplegia imsop now the international spinal cord society. Far reaching impact of functional quadriplegia icd10monitor. The bladder and bowel program have separate sets of scoring criteria. Effects of walkbot gait training on kinematics, kinetics. Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury to. Items are scored on a 5point scale based on assistance required to complete the task with scores ranging 0 dependent to 4 independent.